Data plane proxy

A data plane proxy (DPP) is the part of Kuma that runs next to each workload that is a member of the mesh. A DPP is composed of the following components:

• a Dataplane entity defines the configuration of the DPP
• a kuma-dp binary runs on each instance that is part of the mesh. This binary spawns the following subprocesses:
  • Envoy receives configuration from the control-plane to manage traffic correctly
  • core-dns resolves Kuma specific DNS entries

We have one instance of kuma-dp for every instance of every service.

Concepts

Inbound

An inbound consists of:

• a set of tags
• the port the workload listens on

Most of the time a DPP exposes a single inbound. When a workload exposes multiple ports, multiple inbounds can be defined.

Tags

Tags are a set of key-value pairs (.e.g version=v2) that are defined for each DPP inbound. These tags serve the following purposes:

• specifying the service this DPP inbound is part of
• adding metadata about the exposed service
• allowing subsets of DPPs to be selected by these tags

Tags prefixed with kuma.io are reserved:

• kuma.io/service identifies the service name. On Kubernetes this tag is automatically created, while on Universal it must be specified manually. This tag must always be present.
• kuma.io/zone identifies the zone name in a multi-zone deployment. This tag is automatically created and cannot be overwritten.
• kuma.io/protocol identifies the protocol of the service exposed by this inbound. Accepted values are tcp, http, http2, grpc and kafka.

Service

A service is a group of all DPP inbounds that have the same kuma.io/service tag.

Outbounds

An outbound allows the workload to consume a service in the mesh using a local port. This is only useful when not using (/docs/dev/production/dp-config/transparent-proxying/).

Dataplane entity

The Dataplane entity consists of:

• the IP address used by other DPPs to connect to this DPP
• inbounds
• outbounds

A Dataplane entity must be present for each DPP. Dataplane entities are managed differently depending on the environment:

• Kubernetes: The control plane automatically generates the Dataplane entity.
• Universal: The user defines the Dataplane entity.

Dynamic configuration of the data plane proxy

When the DPP runs:

• The kuma-dp retrieves Envoy startup configuration from the control plane.
• The kuma-dp process starts Envoy with this configuration.
• Envoy connects to the control plane using XDS and receives configuration updates when the state of the mesh changes.

The control plane uses policies and Dataplane entities to generate the DPP configuration.

Data plane proxy ports

The kuma-dp process and its child process offer a number of services, these services need to listen to a few ports to provide their functionalities.

When we start a data-plane via kuma-dp we expect all the inbound and outbound service traffic to go through it. The inbound and outbound ports are defined in the dataplane specification when running in universal mode, while on Kubernetes the service-to-service traffic always runs on port 15001.

In addition to the service traffic ports, the data plane proxy also opens the following ports:

• TCP
  • 9901: the HTTP server that provides the Envoy administration interface, It’s bound onto the loop-back interfaces, and can be customized using these methods:
    • On Universal: data field networking.admin.port on the data plane object
    • On Kubernetes: pod annotation kuma.io/envoy-admin-port
  • 9902: an internal HTTP server that reports the readiness of current data plane proxy, this server is consumed by endpoint /ready of the Envoy Admin API. It can be customized using these methods:
    • On Universal: environment variable on the data plane host KUMA_READINESS_PORT
    • On Kubernetes: on the control plane, set KUMA_READINESS_PORT as part of the value of environment variable KUMA_RUNTIME_KUBERNETES_INJECTOR_SIDECAR_CONTAINER_ENV_VARS
  • 9001: the HTTP server that provides the Application Probe Proxy functionalities. It can be customized using these methods:
    • On Universal: environment variable KUMA_APPLICATION_PROBE_PROXY_PORT.
    • On Kubernetes: pod annotation kuma.io/application-probe-proxy-port

Schema